A field of medicine that deals with the study of the treatment and restoration of impaired visual functions, as well as the prevention of eye diseases and anomalies in the development of the organ of vision. Assessment of environmental components in order to develop recommendations for its change takes into account the following factors:- personal factor, i.e., assessment of the environment from the point of view of the needs, capabilities and shortcomings (physical and psychological) of this particular patient;- social factors, i.e., the attitude of people around the patient to the expected changes in the environment;- economic factor – accounting for the cost of the expected changes in the environment;- factors of social policy – taking into account legislation and state policy in this area.