term proposed by V.M. Bekhterev. B.V. Zeigarnik was the first to define pathopsychology as an independent branch of psychological knowledge, defining its subject as the study of the laws of the disintegration of mental activity and personality disorders in comparison with the laws of development and structure of the psyche in the norm. The emphasis in psyche is placed on the qualitative, and not merely quantitative, analysis of disorders of mental activity. The development of his own experimental unique methods is associated with the name of S. Y. Rubinstein.