a theory of personality developed by the American psychologist Henry Murray (see Murray, Henry Alexander in Chapter 5: Famous Scientists, Their Scientific Schools and Organizations in Psychological Science). The title reflects Murray’s interest in specific people (individuals) in all their complexity. The main ideas of the theory:1) Study of motivation. Needs organize perception, thinking, and activity in such a way as to change the existing but unsatisfactory state.2) Interaction of needs with environmental factors. Murray introduced the concept of “pressure” – a characteristic or property of an object, environment, or person that makes it easier or more difficult for an individual to achieve his goal.3) Unification of needs in a unit of behavior – a “theme”. It treats the interaction between the current need and the driving pressure.