various conditions of the external or internal sphere of the body that contribute to the development of pathological conditions of the fetus, which can be divided into:
1) socio-biological – the age of the mother is under 20 and over 35 years old, the father’s age is less than 20 and over 40 years old, the mother’s height is less than 150 cm, excess weight during pregnancy is more than 25%, occupational hazards of one of the parents, bad habits, unsatisfactory material and living conditions, excessive emotional stress of the pregnant woman, negative attitude to pregnancy, low level of education of future parents;
2) obstetric and gynecological – past abortions, 7 – 8 or more pregnancies, spontaneous miscarriages, stillbirths, premature births in the past, death of children in the neonatal period, developmental disorders in previously born children, prolonged (from 2 years and more) infertility in the past, repeated pregnancy 3 – 4 months after childbirth, long-term use of medications during pregnancy, X-ray irradiation of the pregnant woman;
3) extragenital diseases of the mother – acute infections during pregnancy, chronic specific and non-specific infections in anamnesis, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, endocrine pathology, anemia, etc.;
4) complications of pregnancy – toxicosis of pregnant women, bleeding during pregnancy, Rh conflict, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios, incorrect position of the fetus, post-term pregnancy, threat of pregnancy termination.