one of the most effective for the development of deep learning and critical thinking. It poses real or semi-real problems to students that require in-depth analysis, information collection, discussion and development of innovative solutions. The essence of this model is that the problem is not just a tool for learning, but the main driving factor of all educational activities. It fosters research, decision-making, and collaboration skills, and connects theoretical knowledge with practical application, increasing motivation to learn and making educational outcomes more effective and meaningful.