internal mental and emotional characteristics that affect the state and preservation of human health. These include emotional regulation, cognitive attitudes (e.g., optimism), personality traits (e.g., emotional stability), as well as coping strategies and the ability to cope with stress. Favorable psychological factors contribute to adaptation, resistance to stress and maintaining mental well-being, which also has a positive effect on physical health. Negative psychological factors, such as chronic stress, maladaptive behaviors, or maladaptive states, can worsen overall health and contribute to the development of disease.