Different forms of response to electoral crises:
1) Negative emotions: anxiety and fear for the political future, anger towards parties accused of manipulation, or frustration caused by a sense of loss of voice power and justice.
2) Political absenteeism: Some people resort to abstaining from politics as a mechanism to reduce psychological stress.
3) Protest behavior: demonstrations or strikes as an emotional collective reaction to the loss of confidence in the electoral process.
4) Reorientation of identity: people may reconsider their party affiliation or attitude towards leaders as a result of a traumatic experience.