a section of political psychology that examines the psychological aspects of racial discrimination, including stereotypes, unconscious and behavioural biases towards other groups. The focus is on understanding the roots of racism, the mechanisms by which discriminatory attitudes are formed and their impact on the social and political behaviour of individuals and societies. This section also proposes methods for promoting tolerance, social justice and equality, and analyses the relationship between racism and socio-political divisions within States and in the international community.