painful character disorders arising from injuries and infectious diseases of the central nervous system suffered in childhood. They are manifested in increased irritability, motor disinhibition in combination with reduced performance. Unlike psychopathy, they do not affect the basic structures of the personality and reduce social adaptation to a lesser extent. Making a diagnosis requires a qualified distinction from psychopaths. (See Pathological Development of Personality in Chapter 2.5. Key Psychological Concepts in the Psychology of Special Categories).