a branch of psychology that studies psychological regularities of learning, upbringing, and personality development within educational and воспитательных processes. The main attention is devoted to features of the cognitive, emotional, motivational, and social сфера of learners, teaching methods, organization of educational activity, and the formation of learning motivation. Educational psychology helps develop effective pedagogical technologies, adapt learning to individual characteristics, assess progress, and prevent difficulties in учебной activity. It also studies teacher–student interaction, group dynamics, and the influence of the educational environment on personal development.