A systematic training programme aimed at developing drivers’ skills in responding to unforeseen traffic situations, proactively assessing risks and adapting to different road conditions. This type of training is based on the principle that driving is not just about controlling a vehicle; It requires constant monitoring of the environment, anticipating the behavior of other road users and making quick and effective decisions that reduce the likelihood of accidents. Defensive driving training covers a range of practical, cognitive, and emotional skills, such as identifying tipping points on the road, predicting the behavior of other vehicles and pedestrians, adjusting speed and maintaining a safe distance, and using braking and maneuvering techniques to minimize risks. The program also aims to develop the driver’s emotional ability to control anger and stress in critical situations, as well as develop quick decision-making skills and cognitive flexibility to adapt to sudden changes in the road environment. Practical applications of this training include reducing reckless and aggressive behavior, limiting the number of road accidents, and training new or inexperienced drivers to handle complex situations. It is also used as the basis for professional driver training programmes, such as public transport and heavy-duty vehicle drivers, and is a key component of road traffic research to explore the relationship between self-defence skills and crash prevention, contributing to improved road safety at the individual and community levels.