A mental state in which a person intentionally invents, exaggerates, or causes physical or mental symptoms without an obvious external benefit, such as material. The motivation is usually the desire to take on the “role of the patient” and to receive medical attention or sympathy. Symptoms can be verbal, imitated, or self-harmed. The disorder can manifest itself both in relation to oneself and another person (previously called Munchausen syndrome by proxy). Diagnosis is difficult and requires the exclusion of real diseases. Treatment includes psychotherapy and work with internal psychological needs.