theories emphasizing that learning is a socio-cultural phenomenon that occurs in the context of the interaction of the individual and the environment. They believe that social experience, dialogue and cooperation with others are essential elements in the acquisition of knowledge. The individual is seen as a social being learning through others and through practice within learning communities. The most important principles are:
1) Knowledge is formed in a social and cultural context.
2) Learning takes place through observation, dialogue and interaction.
3) The teacher is a guide and partner in the construction of meaning, and not a transmitter of knowledge.