The spatial movement of people or entire social groups from one place to another, whether temporary or permanent, which is associated with environmental changes, which can be natural (e.g., climate change) or social (e.g., urbanization). Mobility has psychological aspects related to a sense of belonging or alienation, the formation of spatial identity and adaptation to a new environment. It is also a key factor in changing urban, social, and economic patterns, underscoring its importance in environmental and psychological research.