It is a branch of psychology dedicated to the study of the psychological characteristics of individuals with limited health abilities and special educational needs, including hearing loss, visual impairment, musculoskeletal disorders, growth retardation, intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, and compound disturbances . These disorders can result from diffuse damage to the cerebral cortex or impaired sensory function (deafness, or hearing loss, or blindness, or poor vision, or deafness), Or speech retardation while preserving hearing.

Depending on the specific nature of the disorders, includes special psychology, Branches such as child psychology, and deaf psychology, and the psychology of children with delayed mental development, and the psychology of children with speech disorders. The main task of special psychology is to study the system of mental development and personality formation in individuals with different types of disorders, It also aims to study the impact of special methods and pedagogical methods on development during childhood.