a socio-political phenomenon that manifests itself in the division of people and groups in society into opposing camps not only at the level of positions or politics, but also at the level of basic values that underlie the worldview and the organization of common life. This division revolves around deep value dichotomies, such as freedom versus security, individualism versus collectivism, liberalism versus conservatism, or social justice versus free markets. Thus, the polarization of values represents a deep level of social and political division, as it is not about temporary politics, but about the very sources of moral legitimacy, making it one of the most serious challenges that modern societies face in managing pluralism and maintaining social cohesion. This type of polarization goes beyond simple rational debates, taking the form of a psycho-emotional division that manifests itself in the formation of rigid political-value identities that are difficult to combat; in linking political positions with moral convictions and personal emotions; and in the formation of a negative stereotype of the other side as a threat to fundamental values and interests.