A classification model of the types of power that a person may possess within groups or organizations, explaining that the ability to influence others does not manifest itself in one form, but rather varies depending on the source of power and the nature of the relationship between the leader and followers. Researchers have identified five main categories of power, each of which affects group and individual behavior in different ways:
1) Legitimate power – this power is based on the official position of a person or his position in an organization or group. Followers recognize the leader’s right to give orders and impose directives based on their position, which leads to compliance with official laws and regulations.
2) The power of reward – this power is based on the ability to give people rewards or privileges in exchange for obedience and cooperation. It includes material rewards, such as salaries or incentives, and moral rewards, such as social recognition or praise, which motivate people to behave in the way they want.
3) Coercive Power – This power is based on the ability to impose punishments or threaten negative consequences for disobedience. The use of this power often leads to coercive submission, but can cause resistance or hostility if abused.
4) Expert power – based on the specific knowledge, skills, or experience that a person possesses, which makes others depend on him for guidance or decisions. This power often fosters respect and trust and creates a positive influence based on recognition of competence.
5) Charismatic or referential power – stems from the charisma or personality of the leader and the ability to influence through admiration and respect. Followers seek to emulate the behavior or values that the leader represents, making their influence based on emotional belonging and personal connection, rather than rules or rewards.