a scientific and socio-psychological concept in which minor offenses are interpreted not only as an indicator of the criminogenic situation, but also as an active factor affecting the level of crime in general. The theory was developed in the 1980s by criminologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling (1982). It is based on the idea that even minor signs of untidiness or disorder in the environment, such as broken windows, graffiti, garbage, and abandoned buildings, contribute to an increase in crime and violation of the law or social discipline.