features of child-parent interaction that worsen the psychological and emotional well-being of the child and, as a rule, negatively affect his development. Such characteristics often include:
1) Parental detachment: frustration of the need for care and affection.
2) Intrusiveness – the parent’s disrespect for the child’s independence and individuality, unwillingness to provide him with initiative, suppression of his abilities, demand for the realization of his own desires.
3) Negative Regard: parents are burdened by their child, his needs are ignored, cruelty, lack or non-encouragement of free expression and experience of emotions.
4) Hostility: hidden or open hostility, physical violence.
5) Unreasonable prohibitions and lack of consistent requirements and a system of rewards and punishments.
6) Indulgence and insufficient demands, inconsistency of requirements for the child.
7) Rigidity of relationships in the family, low ability to change the rules of interaction under changing circumstances.
8) Perception of the child as an imperfect adult, the existence of the parent’s idea of an abstract norm, excessive demands.
9) Automatism in interaction with the child, the formal nature of upbringing and the child’s non-involvement in the life of the family.
10) Inadequate level of parental anxiety combined with insufficient awareness of the child’s development (see Favorable Characteristics of Parent-Child Interaction in Chapter 2.11. Key Psychological Concepts in Educational Psychology).