It is the result of a malfunction in the work of the visual analyzer due to various pathogenic factors such as infectious diseases, genetic factors, trauma, etc. These impairments may be congenital or acquired. They manifest themselves either as lack of vision (blindness) or decreased visual acuity. and an abnormality in the refractive ability of the eye leading to a significant decrease in visual acuity (myopia, farsightedness), color perception disorders, and shrinking visual fields.