Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist, philosopher and culturologist, teacher, founder of analytical psychology (related to psychoanalysis, but based on the concept of the collective unconscious, introduced by Jung). Jung also introduced the concept of archetypes (see ARCHETYPE in Chapter 1.7 Key Psychological Concepts in Personality Psychology). Jung considered the task of analytical psychology to be the interpretation of archetypal images that arise in patients. Jung believed that there is a certain inherited structure of the psyche, developed over hundreds of thousands of years, that causes us to experience and realize our life experiences in a very specific way. And this certainty is expressed in what Jung called archetypes, which influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Jung developed the doctrine of the collective unconscious, in the images (archetypes) of which he saw the source of universal symbolism, including myths and dreams. The goal of psychotherapy, according to Jung, is the realization of the individuation of the personality. Jung’s concept of psychological types (a system of personality typology based on the concept of a psychological attitude, which can be extroverted or introverted and on the predominance of one of the main mental functions – thinking, feeling, sensation or intuition) has also become famous.
From 1907 to 1912, Jung was a close associate of Sigmund Freud.
Direction of psychology: psychodynamic / psychoanalytical.