Special risk factors associated with higher mental functions:
1) Risk perception – the driver’s assessment of the likelihood of an accident in a particular situation (e.g. overtaking on a narrow road or driving in bad weather).
2) Self-esteem – assessment of one’s ability to drive a vehicle and cope with difficulties (for example, braking skills, maneuverability).
3) Cognitive distortions – for example, the “illusion of superiority”, when the driver considers himself more experienced than others, or the “optimistic bias”, when he underestimates the likelihood of being exposed.
4) Cognitive balancing – comparing expectations of negative (accidents) and positive (quick arrival, avoidance of delays) results to make a final decision.