visual perception disorder, characterized by a serious impairment or partial or complete loss of the ability to recognize shapes and colors while visual perception is preserved. This means that the eye can perceive light and colors, but the brain cannot interpret or recognize them. In the behavioral psychology of road traffic, this disorder is considered a critical factor in safe driving because it directly affects the recognition of traffic lights, traffic signs, road vehicles, and pedestrians. Drivers with color blindness and color blindness are unable to assess distance, determine their lane, or make reliable preventive decisions, which greatly increases the risk of accidents. As such, this disorder is a major obstacle to driving without the use of specialized aids such as audio navigation systems or visual aids, and requires a thorough psychological and neuropsychological assessment to determine the driver’s level of functional capacity and develop compensatory strategies to ensure road safety.