A visual disorder that results in a reduced or incomplete ability to distinguish between some primary colors, such as red, green, and blue, to varying degrees. This directly affects the driver’s perception of traffic lights, vehicle headlights and warning signs on the road. In the psychology of behavior on the road, color blindness is considered a factor that affects the accuracy of decision-making on the road and the speed of response to visual signals. Drivers with this disorder may have difficulty distinguishing the colors of traffic light signals or understanding color changes on warning signs, which can lead to ignoring the signal or confusing its instructions, thereby increasing the risk of accidents. Therefore, the assessment of the ability to distinguish colors is an important part of the psychological and neuropsychological screening of drivers, as well as in the development of training and environmental programs to ensure road safety, such as the use of alternative visual cues or increased color contrast, to ensure safe driving and reduce the risks arising from color vision impairments.