Austrian psychologist, psychoanalyst, psychiatrist and neurologist. He is best known as the founder of the psychoanalytic direction in psychology. Among Freud’s achievements, the most important are the development of a three-component structural model of the psyche (according to Freud’s idea, the psyche consists of “id”, “I” / “Ego” and “Super-Ego” / “Super-Ego”), the identification of specific phases of psychosexual development of the personality, the discovery and classification of defense mechanisms functioning in the psyche, the introduction of the concept of “unconscious”, the discovery of transference and countertransference in psychotherapeutic practice, as well as the development of such therapeutic methods as the method of free association and the interpretation of dreams.
Direction of psychology: psychodynamic / psychoanalytical.