American psychologist of Polish origin, developer of the concept of value orientations of the individual and methods of studying values. Key ideas:
1) Developed his own concept of value orientations of the individual. Value was understood as a stable belief in the fundamental preference of some goals or ways of existence over others.
2) He divided all values into two types:
– Terminal – the main goals in life that an individual sets for himself, such as happiness, health, wealth.
– Instrumental – ways to achieve these goals, for example, honesty, hard work, responsibility.
3) Believed that human values are relatively few and organized into value systems, with all people possessing the same values, albeit to different degrees.