Temporal-spatial perception depends on the integration of sense organs (vision, hearing) and higher mental functions (attention and working memory). Temporal and spatial perception is also influenced by previous experience: experienced drivers can assess distance and speed more accurately than beginners. This perception involves areas of the brain such as the parietal lobe (responsible for the perception of distance and direction), the frontal lobe (responsible for planning and decision-making), and the reticular formation (responsible for alertness and attention).