a separate scientific direction that developed within the framework of Soviet and Russian medical and psychological traditions. It is characterized by an integrative approach that considers a person as an inseparable psychophysical whole, and explains physical diseases as the result of a constant interaction of psychological, neurological and social factors. In Russia, psychosomatics was influenced by the physiological school founded by Ivan Pavlov, which emphasized the role of the central nervous system and conditioned reflexes in the development of diseases, thereby laying the foundation for understanding the relationship between psychological stress and physical changes. She was also influenced by Russian psychiatry, which studied the relationship between emotional trauma and chronic somatic disorders. Medical and psychological research centers were established to study so-called “psychosomatic diseases” such as peptic ulcer, hypertension, heart disease and bronchial asthma. Psychosomatics in Russia is distinguished by its emphasis on an interdisciplinary model that combines psychiatry, medical psychology, psychotherapy and neuroscience, seeking to understand the mechanisms of disease development through a combination of biological, social and psychological factors. The Russian school also focused on prevention and rehabilitation aspects, integrating psychosocial support programs into hospitals and sanatoriums to improve psychological adaptation and relieve physical symptoms. Another characteristic feature of this school is the reliance on a humanistic approach, emphasizing the role of personality, lifestyle and social relations in the emergence and development of psychosomatic diseases, as well as a great interest in the study of psychological stress and occupational stress. Thus, psychosomatics in Russia is a model that combines the strict scientific foundations of medicine and physiology, on the one hand, and a deep psychosocial approach, on the other. This has contributed to the development of a unique therapeutic and research school that has influenced the understanding of the mind-body relationship on a global level.