A complete set of strategies for organizing, planning, and conducting an experiment. used to maximize internal and external validity.

In inter-examiner plans, each examiner is introduced to different groups of examiners. each examinee is introduced to different groups of examinees.

Individual plans provide a per-examiner or per-group presentation of all levels of variables in their associations, but in a specific sequence (with an equal number of each association). but in a particular sequence (with an equal number of each pairing).