Factors that contribute to travel stress:
1) Traffic congestion: Heavy traffic increases feelings of frustration and anger.
2) Long commutes to and from work: Long trips take up physical and mental strength, reducing the time allotted for rest or personal affairs.
3) Noise in transport: loud noises and constant vibration increase excitement and nervous tension.
4) Irregular traffic: Delays or irregular availability of transport increase the feeling of anxiety and contribute to the loss of a sense of control.
5) Uncomfortable environment: cramped seats, heat or cold, as well as lack of personal space increase psychological discomfort.