a component of a statistical hypothesis asserting that:
1) the independent variable does not influence the dependent variable;
2) there are no differences between the results of the compared groups;
3) the relationship between parameters is insignificant.
Examples of null hypotheses in psychology include:
1) absence of effect – for example, H0: “There are no differences in mean anxiety levels between the group receiving therapy and the control group”;
2) no effect of training on memory – H0: “Training in new memorization techniques will not lead to statistically significant changes in participants’ memory”;
3) no difference in effectiveness of teaching methods – H0: “The effectiveness of method A does not differ from the effectiveness of method B in teaching new skills.”